The Age of Terror: Nightmare Chechnya
October 22, 2002: Some terrorists kidnap more than 800 people in a Moscow theater and request that the Russians leave Chechnya . In 4 days, and 'all over, but the war continues.
HISTORY
The first track of the presence of Russian troops in Chechnya in 1577 when it was settled in the region of the Cossacks of Terek. Part of the Russian Empire in 1783, albeit with periodic rebellions (imam of the Caucasus), Chechnya and Ingushetia were incorporated Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Chechen-Ingush to the birth of the Soviet Union. During World War II, the Chechens rebelled against the Russians, hoping to take advantage of the commitment of the Soviet Army on other fronts to gain independence, but once the Red Army had repulsed the enemy troops, Stalin ordered a harsh punishment , accusing the Chechens of collaborating with the Nazis (though there are no valid historical evidence in support of the prosecution). On February 23, 1944 in Operation Lentil in a single night half a million Chechens were deported from the Soviet central government in the former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan. Here, the Chechens were isolated and dispersed families in an attempt to "decaucasizzare" the rebels. They were allowed to return to their home region in 1957.
The first Chechen war (1991-1996)
After the collapse of the Soviet Union was born in Chechnya a separatist movement that came into conflict with Russia, unwilling to recognize the secession of Chechnya. Among the reasons for the Russian opposition, there are also local oil production and especially the passage on the territory of the Chechen oil and gas pipelines. Džokhar Dudaev, the national president of the republic of Chechnya, declared the nation's independence from Russia in 1991. In his 1990 presidential campaign of Boris Yeltsin had promised to recognize the demands of fiscal and administrative autonomy of the federated governments, often drawn on the basis of ethnicity in Soviet times and 31 March 1992 the Duma (led by Ruslan Khasbulatov, a Chechen) passed a law to that effect, according to which Yeltsin Khasbulatov and signed the Treaty of the Federation (Russian), which defined the division of powers between the two levels of government, with 86 of the 88 territories covered. Tatarstan was signed in the spring of 1994, while in the case of Chechnya, who refused to withdraw the declaration of independence, neither party attempted to deal seriously. In 1994 Russian President Boris Yeltsin sent 40,000 troops to prevent the secession of the republic and heralding the first Chechen war. Russia has found early in a difficult situation, comparable to that already experienced in Afghanistan. His troops ill-equipped and less motivated also suffered major defeats at the hands of Chechen rebels. Russian troops were able to take control of Grozny, the capital, only in February 1995 and April 21, 1996 Dudaev kill intentionally pulling a missile at the place where he was.
In August 1996 Yeltsin agreed with Chechen leaders for a ceasefire (signed in Khasavyurt in Dagestan) in 1997 which led to the signing of a peace treaty. At the end of the first Russian-Chechen war (1991-96) is elected as the first President of Chechnya Aslan Maskhadov, the rebel commander who signed with General Aleksandr Lebed the truce with the Russian armed forces. Aslan Maskhadov was elected for a four-year term in an election held under international supervision in January 1997 when the separatists were a major force. However, a serious economic crisis, the continued terrorist actions of Shamil Basayev and the continuing presence of "warlords" that replaced government authority also completely resize the image of a strong commander Maskhadov.
The second Chechen war (1999-2006)
The conflict flared up again in 1999, eliminating de facto the existing treaty, starting the second Chechen war. In August 1999, Shamil Basayev decided to widen the spectrum of conflict to neighboring Daghestan. Served to no attempts to reduce it to Aslan Maskhadov more merciful. Later Basayev was the author of the seizure of the Dubrovka Theater in 2002 and the massacre in Beslan in 2004. Russian troops invaded Chechnya in October 1999, flattening the capital Grozny. In 2001, Maskhadov issued an order which extended its office for another year. He was not however possible to participate in the presidential elections of 2003, as the separatist parties were outlawed, and that hung over him on charges of belonging to separatist forces: Maskhadov was forced to retreat into the mountains. After the killing of Aslan Maskhadov at the hands of Russian intelligence services (which took place March 9, 2005), became the new leader of the separatist Sadulayev Abdul Halim, a member of the "new guard" tired of the silence of the West and that he did not hesitate in September 2005 to depose the old ministers of the late Maskhadov, replacing them with more extreme characters such as Shamil Basayev. On 17 June 2006, the Russian special forces killed Sadulayev and July 9, 2006 Shamil Basayev, the most wanted man in Russia, the Chechen guerrilla leader, during an operation of the Russian special forces, was killed along with other fighters who were with him in Ingushetia. Most Chechnya is now under the control of Russian federal soldiers. After the massacre in Beslan in the Italian media has not heard of most of the Chechen separatist cause, starting in 2007, which dates from the last act claimed by the independence movement.
STREAMING
0 comments:
Post a Comment